Aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a Group 1A carcinogen and a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) primarily induces mutations by causing a G to T transversion at the third nucleotide of codon 249 in the tumor suppressor gene p53. In the body, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause damage to the intestines and kidneys and has some teratogenic effects[1][2][3][4][5][6].

[1]Gizachew D, et al. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on ground Nyjer seeds: The effect of water activity and temperature. Int J Food Microbiol. 2019 May 2;296:8-13.|[2]Aguilar F, et al. Aflatoxin B1 induces the transversion of G-->T in codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8586-90.|[3]Zhang J, et al. "Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells." Food and Chemical Toxicology 83 (2015): 54-60.|[4]Huiying Li, et al. "The toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 on kidney through regulating L‐proline and downstream apoptosis." BioMed research international 2018.1 (2018): 9074861.|[5]Wangikar, et al. "Effects of aflatoxin B1 on embryo fetal development in rabbits." Food and Chemical Toxicology 43.4 (2005): 607-615.|[6]Rushing, et al. "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods." Food and chemical toxicology 124 (2019): 81-100.