Human PD-L1/B7-H1 ELISA Kit PicoKine®

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. PD-L1 is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. Normally the immune system reacts to foreign antigens where there is some accumulation in the lymph nodes or spleen which triggers a proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell. The formation of PD-1 receptor / PD-L1 or B7.1 receptor /PD-L1 ligand complex transmits an inhibitory signal which reduces the proliferation of these CD8+ T cells at the lymph nodes and supplementary to that PD-1 is also able to control the accumulation of foreign antigen specific T cells in the lymph nodes through apoptosis which is further mediated by a lower regulation of the gene Bcl-2.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 168 168 181 182 174 6.75 3.8% Sample 2 556 591 560 586 573 15.41 2.6% Sample 3 1564 1419 1348 1388 1429 81.49 5.7% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 168 168 181 182 174 6.75 3.8% Sample 1 168 168 181 182 174 6.75 3.8% Sample 2 556 591 560 586 573 15.41 2.6% Sample 2 556 591 560 586 573 15.41 2.6% Sample 3 1564 1419 1348 1388 1429 81.49 5.7% Sample 3 1564 1419 1348 1388 1429 81.49 5.7%

Highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung. Weakly expressed in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. Expressed on activated T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes. .

Autoimmune, Cancer, Cell Type Markers, Immune System Diseases, Immunology, Tumor Antigens, Tumor Biomarkers, Tumor Immunology, Tumor-Associated Antigens

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 168 556 1564 151 519 1408 Standard deviation 6.83 23.35 79.76 10.26 22.31 97.15 CV (%) 4.9% 4.2% 6.9% 6.8% 4.3% 6.9% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 168 556 1564 151 519 1408 Standard deviation 6.83 23.35 79.76 10.26 22.31 97.15 CV (%) 4.9% 4.2% 6.9% 6.8% 4.3% 6.9% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 168 556 1564 151 519 1408 Mean (pg/ml) 168 556 1564 151 519 1408 Standard deviation 6.83 23.35 79.76 10.26 22.31 97.15 Standard deviation 6.83 23.35 79.76 10.26 22.31 97.15 CV (%) 4.9% 4.2% 6.9% 6.8% 4.3% 6.9% CV (%) 4.9% 4.2% 6.9% 6.8% 4.3% 6.9%

Involved in the costimulatory signal, essential for T- cell proliferation and production of IL10 and IFNG, in an IL2- dependent and a PDCD1-independent manner. Interaction with PDCD1 inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. .

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.063 0.095 0.133 0.216 0.358 0.72 1.405 2.298 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.063 0.095 0.133 0.216 0.358 0.72 1.405 2.298 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.063 0.095 0.133 0.216 0.358 0.72 1.405 2.298 O.D. 0.063 0.095 0.133 0.216 0.358 0.72 1.405 2.298

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.