Vesnarinone

Vesnarinone is a cardiotonic agent, mixed phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor and ion-channel modifier that has modest, dose-dependent, positive inotropic activity, but minimal negative chronotropic activity. Vesnarinone improves ventricular performance most in patients with the worst degree of heart failure. (In Vitro) :Vesnarinone (60 and 100 μg/mL; 48 h) inhibits the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner.Vesnarinone (60 μg/mL; 48 h) induces G1 arrest and apoptosis.Vesnarinone (60 μg/mL; 0, 12, 24, and 48 h) treatment increases p21-mRNA expression and decreases p21 protein slightly. (In Vivo) :Vesnarinone (oral gavage; 300 mg/kg; once daily; 6 w) binds covalently to rat liver in vivo.