Anti-Erk1/2 Antibody

MAP kinase 1, MAPK 1, EC 2.7.11.24, ERT1, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, ERK-2, MAP kinase isoform p42, p42-MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2, MAP kinase 2, MAPK 2

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasm, Membrane, caveola, Cell junction, focal adhesion

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. Mediates phosphorylation of TPR in response to EGF stimulation. May play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Phosphorylates PML and promotes its interaction with PIN1, leading to PML degradation. Phosphorylates CDK2AP2 (By similarity). {UniProtKB:P63086, PubMed:10617468, PubMed:10637505, PubMed:11154262, PubMed:12110590, PubMed:12356731, PubMed:12792650, PubMed:12794087, PubMed:12974390, PubMed:15184391, PubMed:15241487, PubMed:15616583, PubMed:15664191, PubMed:15788397, PubMed:15952796, PubMed:16581800, PubMed:18794356, PubMed:19265199, PubMed:19879846, PubMed:22033920, PubMed:32721402, PubMed:7588608, PubMed:8622688, PubMed:9480836, PubMed:9596579, PubMed:9649500, PubMed:9687510, PubMed:15526160, PubMed:16393692, PubMed:19565474, PubMed:21779493}.; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to a [GC]AAA[GC] consensus sequence. Repress the expression of interferon gamma-induced genes. Seems to bind to the promoter of CCL5, DMP1, IFIH1, IFITM1, IRF7, IRF9, LAMP3, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and STAT1. Transcriptional activity is independent of kinase activity. {PubMed:19879846}.

Immunoblotting: use at 1:5,000 dilution. Bands of ~44 kDa (ERK1) and ~42 kDa (ERK2) are detected. <br><br>These are recommended concentrations. User should determine optimal concentrations for their application. <br><br>Positive control: HeLa cell lysate.

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are members of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family of proteins found in all eukaryotes. The 44 kDa ERK1 and the 42 kDa ERK2 are highly homologous and both function in the same protein kinase cascade, so they are referred to collectively as ERK1/2. They are both found in the cytosol and mitochondria. ERK 1 and 2 are activated by MEK1 or MEK2 by dual phosphorylation of a threonine and tyrosine residue in the activation loop. Once activated, these kinases phosphorylate a variety of substrates including cytoskeletal proteins, translation regulators, transcription factors, and the Rsk family of protein kinases. ERK1/2 activation is believed to confer a survival advantage to cells but may also contribute to cell death under certain conditions.