Anti-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)

Essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase of the renin-angiotensin hormone system that is a critical regulator of blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and thus cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:27217402). Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a nine-amino acid peptide with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, which then acts as a beneficial vasodilator and anti-proliferation agent, counterbalancing the actions of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (PubMed:10969042, PubMed:10924499, PubMed:11815627, PubMed:19021774, PubMed:14504186). Also removes the C-terminal residue from three other vasoactive peptides, neurotensin, kinetensin, and des-Arg bradykinin, but is not active on bradykinin (PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627). Also cleaves other biological peptides, such as apelins (apelin-13, [Pyr1]apelin-13, apelin-17, apelin-36), casomorphins (beta-casomorphin-7, neocasomorphin) and dynorphin A with high efficiency (PubMed:11815627, PubMed:27217402, PubMed:28293165). In addition, ACE2 C-terminus is homologous to collectrin and is responsible for the trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SL6A19 to the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells via direct interaction, regulating its expression on the cell surface and its catalytic activity (PubMed:18424768, PubMed:19185582). {PubMed:10924499, PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627, PubMed:14504186, PubMed:18424768, PubMed:19021774, PubMed:19185582, PubMed:27217402}.; [Isoform 2]: Non-functional as a carboxypeptidase. {PubMed:33077916}.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as human coronavirus NL63/HCoV-NL63. {PubMed:14647384, PubMed:15452268, PubMed:15791205, PubMed:15897467, PubMed:19901337, PubMed:24227843, PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32155444, PubMed:32221306, PubMed:32225175, PubMed:33000221, PubMed:33082294, PubMed:33432067}.; [Isoform 2]: (Microbial infection) Non-functional as a receptor for human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. {PubMed:33077916, PubMed:33432184}.

Immunoblotting: use at dilutions of 1:1,000-1:5,000. A band of ~92kDa is detected. Detection of ACE2 in human kidney lysate with #19502 diluted 1:1,000 <br><br>IHC: use at dilutions of 1:50-1:200. Detection of ACE2 in paraffin-embedded human kidney. Detection of ACE2 in paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma. Detection of ACE2 in paraffin-embedded mouse kidney <br><br>ICC: use at dilutions of 1:100-1:500. Detection of ACE2 in MCF-7 cells (green) after paraformaldehyde fixation and permeabilization with 0.25% Triton X100 in PBS. Detection of ACE2 in HepG2 cells (green) after paraformaldehyde fixation and permeabilization with 0.25% Triton X100 in PBS <br><br>These are recommended dilutions. <br><br>Endusers should determine optimal dilutions for their applications.