Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) rabbit mAb FITC conjugate Antibody

Human Erk1 and Erk2 Ser/Thr kinases share 84% sequence identity and nearly all functions. These MAP kinases are activated in response to mitogens and growth factors as part of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade. This pathway regulates cell survival, differentiation, adhesion, cell cycle progression, and many other cellular processes. Upon phosphorylation, Erk1/2 translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription factors including c-Fos, Elk1, Ets1, and SP-1. There are more than 175 known cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates of Erk1/2. The Erk1/2 cascade is upregulated in many human cancers, even when oncogenic mutations are not found. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors of Erk1/2 have been developed, including ones targeting the ATP-binding site either competitively or irreversibly.