Procainamide

Procainamide (Procaine amide) is a specific and potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which reactivates the expression of tumor suppressor factors by demethylating tumor suppressor genes. Procainamide induces vacuolization in various cell types and reduces cell proliferation and migration. Procainamide relaxes airway smooth muscle by activating potassium channels. Procainamide can be used in cancer and arrhythmia research[1][2][3][4][5][6].

[1]Lee BH, et al. Procainamide is a specific inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(49):40749-40756.|[2]Pritchard B, et al. Procainamide. [Updated 2021 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.|[3]Gardner I, et al. A comparison of the covalent binding of clozapine, procainamide, and vesnarinone to human neutrophils in vitro and rat tissues in vitro and in vivo[J]. Chemical research in toxicology, 2005, 18(9): 1384-1394.|[4]Nakahara T, et al. Involvement of K+ channel in procainamide-induced relaxation of bovine tracheal smooth muscle[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 2000, 402(1-2): 143-149.|[5]Morissette G, et al. Massive cell vacuolization induced by organic amines such as procainamide[J]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2004, 310(1): 395-406.|[6]Segura-Pacheco B, et al. Reactivation of tumor suppressor genes by the cardiovascular drugs hydralazine and procainamide and their potential use in cancer therapy[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2003, 9(5): 1596-1603.Environ Pollut. 2023 May 31;121931.|Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Jun 1:S0891-5849(24)00506-9.|Clin Chem. 2019 Dec;65(12):1522-1531. |Patent. US20180263995A1.