Biotin

Biotin, vitamin B7 and serves as a coenzyme for five carboxylases in humans, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids[1][2][3].

[1]Zempleni, et al. Biotin biochemistry and human requirements. J Nutr Biochem, 1999. 10(3): p. 128-38.|[2]Mock, D.M.. Biotin status: which are valid indicators and how do we know? J Nutr, 1999. 129(2S Suppl): p. 498S-503S.|[3]Zempleni J, et al. Biotin. Biofactors. 2009 Jan-Feb;35(1):36-46.|[4]Vadlapudi AD, et al. Biotin uptake by T47D breast cancer cells: functional and molecular evidence of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Int J Pharm. 2013 Jan 30;441(1-2):535-43. |[5]Sghaier R, et al. Biotin attenuation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolism alteration and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death in 158N murine oligodendrocytes. Free Radic Res. 2019 May;53(5):535-561. |[6]Aldahmash BA, et al. Biotin amelioration of nephrotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015 Sep;22(5):564-9. |[7]He P, et al. Dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Feb;97:216-234.