Mouse anti Smoothelin

Smoothelin is a constituent of the smooth muscle cell (SMC) cytoskeleton. Antibodies directed to smoothelin are useful tools to monitor SMC differentiation. Smoothelin is exclusively expressed in fully differentiated (contractile) SMCs. RNA and protein analyses revealed a broad species distribution of this protein. Smoothelin has also been detected in smooth-muscle neoplasms. Cells with SMC-like characteristics, such as myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells, as well as skeletal and cardiac muscle do not contain smoothelin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy of tissue sections and cells in culture show a filamentous organization of smoothelin colocalizing with actin stress fibers. In immunoblots two molecular weight isoforms are detected i.e. a 59 kDa isoform specific for visceral SMC (smoothelin A), and an isoform with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa in vascular SMC (smoothelin B). Human smoothelin is encoded by a single copy gene which is loCated on chromosome 22.

R4A is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody derived by fusion of SP2/0-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with a cytoskeletal extract of chicken gizzard.

R4A is suitable for immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry on permeabilised cells, and and immunohistochemistry on frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues. For staining paraffin-embedded tissues pretreatment in 10 mM citRate buffer (pH 6.0) and heating for 3 times 5 minutes in a microwave is required. Optimal antibody dilution should be determined by titration; recommended range is 1:100 – 1:200 for immunohistochemistry with avidin-biotinylated Horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) as detection reagent, and 1:100 – 1:1000 for immunoblotting applications.

This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving Humans or animals. This product contains sodium azide. To prevent formation of toxic vapors, do not mix with strong acidic solutions. To prevent formation of potentially explosive metallic azides in metal plumbing, always wash into drain with copious quantities of water. This datasheet is as accurate as reasonably achievable, but Nordic-MUbio accepts no liability for any inaccuracies or omissions in this information.

1. van der Loop, F. T., Schaart, G., Timmer, E. D., Ramaekers, F. C., and van Eys, G. J. (1996). Smoothelin, a novel cytoskeletal protein specific for smooth muscle cells, J Cell Biol 134, 401-11. _x000D_ 2. Wehrens, X. H., Mies, B., Gimona, M., Ramaekers, F. C., Van Eys, G. J., and Small, J. V. (1997). Localization of smoothelin in avian smooth muscle and identifiCation of a vascular-specific isoform, FEBS Lett 405, 315-20. _x000D_ 3. van der Loop, F. T., Gabbiani, G., Kohnen, G., Ramaekers, F. C., and van Eys, G. J. (1997). Differentiation of smooth muscle cells in Human blood vessels as defined by smoothelin, a novel marker for the contractile phenotype, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17, 665-71. _x000D_ 4. Christen, T., Bochaton-Piallat, M. L., Neuville, P., Rensen, S., Redard, M., van Eys, G., and Gabbiani, G. (1999). Cultured porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells. A new model with advanced differentiation, Circ Res 85, 99-107. _x000D_ 5. Johansson, B., Eriksson, A., Ramaekers, F., and Thornell, L. (1999). Smoothelin in adult and developing Human arteries and myocardium, Histochem Cell Biol 112, 291-9. _x000D_ 6. Johansson, B., Eriksson, A., Ramaekers, F., and Thornell, L. E. (1999). Smoothelin and intermediate filament proteins in Human aortocoronary saphenous vein by-pass grafts, Histochem J 31, 723-7. _x000D_ 7. Deruiter, M. C., Rensen, S. S., Coolen, G. P., Hierck, B. P., Bergwerff, M., Debie, W. M., Gittenberger-De Groot, A. C., and Van Eys, G. J. (2001). Smoothelin expression during Chicken embryogenesis: detection of an embryonic isoform, Dev Dyn 221, 460-3. _x000D_ 8. Council, L., Hameed, O. (2009). Differential expression of immunohistochemical markers in bladder smooth muscle and myofibroblasts, and the potential utility of desmin, smoothelin, and vimentin in staging of bladder carcinoma Modern Pathology 22, 639-50. _x000D_ 9. Coco, D.P., Hirsch, M.S., Hornick, J.L. (2009). Smoothelin is a specific marker for smooth muscle neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Surg Pathol 33, 1795-1801.

The antibody may be stored at +4°C; For prolonged storage prepare appropriate aliquots and store at or below -20°C; Prior to use, an aliquot is thawed slowly in the dark at ambient temperature, spun down again and used to prepare working dilutions by adding sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2); Repeated thawing and freezing should be avoided; Working dilutions should be stored at +4°C, not refrozen, and preferably used the same day; If a slight precipitation occurs upon storage, this should be removed by centrifugation; It will not affect the performance or the concentration of the product