Anti-Ubiquitin Antibody

[Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored) (By similarity). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains) (PubMed:26116755). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in proteotoxic stress response and cell cycle; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling (By similarity). Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed (By similarity). When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). {UniProtKB:P0CG47, PubMed:26116755}.

Immunoblotting: use at 1ug/mL. <br><br>Immunofluorescence: use at 10ug/mL. A band of ~10kDa is detected. HeLa whole cell lysateELISA: use at 1ug/mL with ubiquitin on the solid phase. <br><br>These are recommended concentrations. <br><br>Enduser should determine optimal concentrations for their applications.

Ubiquitin, a small protein comprised of 76 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 10kDa, is highly conserved among eukaryotic species. The primary role of ubiquitin is to clear abnormal, foreign, and improperly folded proteins by targeting them for degradation by the 26S proteosome. Ubiquitination of proteins is an essential process that is regulated by ubiquitin- activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and ubiquitin-protein ligases. Ubiquitination also occurs in the internalization and degradation of plasma membrane proteins.