PAD4 Antibody / Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 / PADI4

Peptidylarginine Deiminase, Type IV is a human protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI4 gene. Peptidylarginine deiminases make up a family of posttranslational modification enzymes that convert arginine residues to citrulline residues in the presence of calcium ion (Nakashima et al., 1999) . Suzuki et al. (2003) found from sequence data that the gene maps to 1p36. Cuthbert et al. (2004) described a process, deimination, that converts histone arginine to citrulline and antagonizes arginine methylation. They showed that the protein specifically deiminated arg2, arg8, arg17, and arg26 in the H3 tail. Deimination by PAD4 prevented arginine methylation by CARM1. Dimethylation of arginines prevented deimination by PAD4, although monomethylation still allowed deimination to take place. In vivo targeting experiments on an endogenous promoter demonstrated that the protein could repress hormone receptor-mediated gene induction. It was recruited to the pS2 promoter following hormone induction when the gene was transcriptionally downregulated, consistent with a repressive role.