Shikonin

Anticancer compound. Inhibits TNF-α-induced and B-16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis. Induces apoptosis and RIP1- and RIP3-dependent necroptosis in several cancer cells. Circumvents cancer antidrug resistance through the necroptosis pathway. Proteasome inhibitor. Autophagy inducer. Topoisomerase I inhibitor. Inhibits glycolysis in cancer cells by inhibiting tumor-specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) . Anti-inflammatory compound. Inhibits leukocyte migration, downregulates chemokine receptor expression, and inhibits HIV-1 replication. Inhibits the activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome. Shown to directly target caspase-1 and as a inhibitor of PKM2 to block PKM2-mediated glycolysis that promotes inflammasome activation by modulating EIF2AK2 phosphorylation in macrophages. Antioxidant. Free radical scavenger. Directly inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) . Regulator of systemic glucose tolerance, energy balance and adiposity/obesity. Adipogenesis inhibitor. Shown to inhibit fat accumulation in adipocytes. Antibacterial and antifungal agent. Shown to potentially inhibit the 33.8-kDa Main Protease (Mpro) /3C-like Protease of SARS-CoV-2, consequently inhibiting viral transcription and replication and possibly inhibiting spread of COVID-19.

Short Term Storage: +4C. Long Term Storage: -20C. Handling Advice: Keep cool and dry. Protect from light. Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at -20C.

(+) -Shikonin; (R) -Shikonin; Tokyo Violet; NSC 252844; Isoarnebin 4; C.I. 75535; (R) -5,8-Dihydroxy-2- (1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl) naphthalene-1,4-dione