Nitrofurantoin

Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Nitrofurantoin is converted by bacterial nitroreductases to electrophilic intermediates which inhibit the citric acid cycle as well as synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. This drug is more resistant to the development of bacterial resistance because it acts on many targets at once. It prevents kidney and bladder infection in rats following bladder inoculation with clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. Nitrofurantoin also prevents alkalization of urine as well as calculi and abscess formation in a rat model of P. vulgaris urinary tract infection.