Probucol

Probucol is a potent antioxidant that inhibits the oxidation of cholesterol in LDL which prevents the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells that lead to atherosclerotic vascular lesions. The use of probucol is limited, because it leads to the reduction of HDL cholesterol. Probucol inhibits cholesterol efflux up to 80% in J774 macrophages expressing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) by inhibiting ABCA1 translocation to the plasma membrane. Administration of probucol at 3.5 mg/kg/day for 2 months increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase in an in vivo mouse model of Huntington’s disease and is protective against behavioral and striatal oxidative damage.