Anti-IFN gamma Purified

The interferon gamma (IFN-gamma; 16-25 kDa) is an important regulator of the immune response, produced in activated Th1 cells and NK cells, particularly in response to IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-12; its production is suppressed by IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta. The producing of IFN-gamma is activated by specific antigens or mitogens through the T cell antigen receptor. IFN-gamma polypeptide forms: 40-60 kDa forms are observable under non-denaturing conditions as dimers and trimers; 20 kDa and 25 kDa forms exist due to variable glycosylation. IFN-gamma belongs to the type II interferons, also called immune IFN. IFN-gamma shows antiviral activity and has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages and had antiproliferative effects on transformed cells. IFN-gamma plays an important role in regulating B cell differentiation by simultaneously stimulating class switch recombination to the IgG3 and IgG2a isotypes while represing class switch recombination to the IgE and IgG1 isotypes. It also appears to promote antigen presentation by B cells through its effects on MHC. Binding of IFN-gamma to its receptor increases the expression of class I MHC on all somatic cells. It also enhances the expression of class II MHC on antigen-presenting cells. IFN-gamma is the major means by which T cells activate macrophages, increasing their ability to kill bacteria, parasites, and tumours. The activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma is essential for the elimination of bacteria that replicate within the phagosomes of macrophages (f.e. Mycobacteria and Listeria monocytogenes) . IFN-gamma can potentiate the high antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) . IFN-gamma may also activate neutrophils and NK cells.

Product Specifications

Certification

RUO

Reactivity

Human

Immunogen

Recombinant human interferon gamma

Target Antigen

IFN gamma

Clone

NIB42

Applications

IP, ELISA, RIA

Concentration

1 mg/mL

Format

Purified

Buffer

Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide

References & Citations

*Brattig NW, Lepping B, Timmann C, Büttner DW, Marfo Y, Hamelmann C, Horstmann RD: Onchocerca volvulus-exposed persons fail to produce interferon-gamma in response to O. volvulus antigen but mount proliferative responses with interleukin-5 and IL-13 production that decrease with increasing microfilarial density. J Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 15;185 (8) :1148-54., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11930325, *Black GF, Weir RE, Chaguluka SD, Warndorff D, Crampin AC, Mwaungulu L, Sichali L, Floyd S, Bliss L, Jarman E, Donovan L, Andersen P, Britton W, Hewinson G, Huygen K, Paulsen J, Singh M, Prestidge R, Fine PE, Dockrell HM: Gamma interferon responses induced by a panel of recombinant and purified mycobacterial antigens in healthy, non-mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated Malawian young adults. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jul;10 (4) :602-11., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853392, *Joseph S, Jones FM, Kimani G, Mwatha JK, Kamau T, Kazibwe F, Kemijumbi J, Kabatereine NB, Booth M, Kariuki HC, Ouma JH, Vennervald BJ, Dunne DW: Cytokine production in whole blood cultures from a fishing community in an area of high endemicity for Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda: the differential effect of parasite worm and egg antigens. Infect Immun. 2004 Feb;72 (2) :728-34., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742514, *Herwig Peter Moll, Harald Freudenthaler, Anna Zommer, Elisabeth Buchberger, Christine Brostjan: Neutralizing Type I Interferon Antibodies trigger an Interferon-Like Response in Endothelial Cells. J Immunol. 2008 April 15; 180 (8) : 5250–5256. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32420, *D'Ombrain MC, Robinson LJ, Stanisic DI, Taraika J, Bernard N, Michon P, Mueller I, Schofield L: Association of early interferon-gamma production with immunity to clinical malaria: a longitudinal study among Papua New Guinean children. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 1;47 (11) :1380-7., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18947328 , *Veltkamp M, Van Moorsel CH, Rijkers GT, Ruven HJ, Van Den Bosch JM, Grutters JC: Toll-like receptor (TLR) -9 genetics and function in sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010 Oct;162 (1) :68-74., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20659127 , *Kofler DM, Chmielewski M, Rappl G, Hombach A, Riet T, Schmidt A, Hombach AA, Wendtner CM, Abken H: CD28 costimulation Impairs the efficacy of a redirected t-cell antitumor attack in the presence of regulatory t cells which can be overcome by preventing Lck activation. Mol Ther. 2011 Apr;19 (4) :760-7., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21326215/

Other References

*Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA: Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Feb;75 (2) :163-89. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14525967?dopt=, *Ellis TN, Beaman BL: Interferon-gamma activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil function. Immunology. 2004 May;112 (1) :2-12., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15096178?dopt=, *Costa-Pereira AP, Williams TM, Strobl B, Watling D, Briscoe J, Kerr IM: The antiviral response to gamma interferon. J Virol. 2002 Sep;76 (18) :9060-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12186889?dopt=, *Okamura H, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K: Regulation of interferon-gamma production by IL-12 and IL-18. Curr Opin Immunol. 1998 Jun;10 (3) :259-64., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9638361?dopt=A, *Young HA, Hardy KJ: Role of interferon-gamma in immune cell regulation. J Leukoc Biol. 1995 Oct;58 (4) :373-81. Review., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7561512?dopt=A

Storage Conditions

Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

Specificity

The mouse monoclonal antibody NIB42 recognizes IFN-gamma, a 16-25 kDa cytokine produced by activated Th1 cells and NK cells. Binds both glycosylated and non-glycosylated protein.