Anti-beta-Tubulin Purified

The microtubules are intracellular dynamic polymers made up of evolutionarily conserved polymorphic alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers and a large number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) . The microtubules consist of 13 protofilaments and have an outer diameter 25 nm. Microtubules have their intrinsic polarity; highly dynamic plus ends and less dynamic minus ends. Microtubules are required for vital processes in eukaryotic cells including mitosis, meiosis, maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport. Microtubules are also necessary for movement of cells by means of flagella and cilia. In mammalian tissue culture cells microtubules have their minus ends anchored in microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) . The GTP (guanosintriphosphate) molecule is an essential for tubulin heterodimer to associate with other heterodimers to form microtubule. In vivo, microtubule dynamics vary considerably. Microtubule polymerization is reversible and a populations of microtubules in cells are on their minus ends either growing or shortening – this phenomenon is called dynamic instability of microtubules. On a practical level, microtubules can easily be stabilized by the addition of non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP (eg. GMPPCP) or more commonly by anti-cancer drugs such as Taxol. Taxol stabilizes microtubules at room temperature for many hours. Using limited proteolysis by enzymes both tubulin subunits can be divided into N-terminal and C-terminal structural domains. The beta-tubulin (relative molecular weight around 50 kDa) is counterpart of alpha-tubulin in tubulin heterodimer. It is coded by multiple tubulin genes and it is also posttranslationally modified. Heterogeneity of subunit is concentrated in C-terminal structural domain.

Product Specifications

Certification

RUO

Reactivity

Arabidopsis, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Nicotiana, Paramecium, Chicken, Human, Fish, Tetrahymena

Immunogen

Beta-subunits of porcine brain tubulin.

Target Antigen

Beta-Tubulin

Clone

TU-06

Applications

WB, IHC-P, ICC

Concentration

1 mg/mL

Format

Purified

Buffer

Tris buffered saline (TBS), pH 8.0, 15 mM sodium azide

References & Citations

*Draber P, Draberova E, Linhartova I, Viklicky V: Differences in the exposure of C- and N-terminal tubulin domains in cytoplasmic microtubules detected with domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. J Cell Sci. 1989 Mar;92 (Pt 3) :519-28., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2480356&query_hl=11, *Tobita K, Liu LJ, Janczewski AM, Tinney JP, Nonemaker JM, Augustine S, Stolz DB, Shroff SG, Keller BB: Engineered early embryonic cardiac tissue retains proliferative and contractile properties of developing embryonic myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Oct;291 (4) :H1829-37., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16617136/, *Libusova L, Sulimenko T, Sulimenko V, Janisch R, Hozak P, Draber P: Distinct localization of a beta-tubulin epitope in the Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium caudatum cortex. Protoplasma. 2005 Oct;225 (3-4) :157-67. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16228897?dopt=, *Solecki DJ, Model L, Gaetz J, Kapoor TM, Hatten ME: Par6alpha signaling controls glial-guided neuronal migration. Nat Neurosci. 2004 Nov;7 (11) :1195-203., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15475953/, *Dryková D, Cenklová V, Sulimenko V, Volc J, Dráber P, Binarová P: Plant gamma-tubulin interacts with alphabeta-tubulin dimers and forms membrane-associated complexes. Plant Cell. 2003 Feb;15 (2) :465-80., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12566585?itool, *Pěknicová J, Pexidrová M, Kubátová A, Koubek P, Teplá O, Sulimenko T, Dráber P: Expression of beta-tubulin epitope in human sperm with pathological spermiogram. Fertil Steril. 2007 Oct;88 (4 Suppl) :1120-8., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17467706/, *Smertenko A, Blume Y, Viklický V, Dráber P: Exposure of tubulin structural domains in Nicotiana tabacum microtubules probed by monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Cell Biol. 1997 Feb;72 (2) :104-12., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9157006/, *Blume Y, Yemets A, Sheremet Y, Nyporko A, Sulimenko V, Sulimenko T, Dráber P: Exposure of beta-tubulin regions defined by antibodies on an Arabidopsis thaliana microtubule protofilament model and in the cells. BMC Plant Biol. 2010 Feb 18:10:29. , URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20167106/, *Dráber P, Dráberová E, Viklický V: Immunostaining of human spermatozoa with tubulin domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Recognition of a unique beta-tubulin epitope in the sperm head. Histochemistry 1991;95 (5) :519-24., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1714437/

Other References

*Linhartova I, Draber P, Draberova E, Viklický V: Immunological discrimination of beta-tubulin isoforms in developing mouse brain. Post-translational modification of non-class-III beta-tubulins. Biochem J. 1992 Dec 15;288 (Pt 3) :919-24. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281983?dopt=A

Storage Conditions

Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

Specificity

The antibody TU-06 recognizes an epitope (aa 81-95) on phylogenetically conserved N-terminal structural domain of beta-tubulin (recognizes all beta-tubulin isoforms) in various species.

Applications Notes

Immunocytochemistry: Recommended dilution: 2 μg/ml, fixed and permeabilized cells; positive control: 3T3 mouse embryonal fibroblast cell line. Immunohistochemistry (paraffin sections) : Recommended dilution: 5 μg/ml, positive tissue: heart. Western blotting: Recommended dilution: 1-2 μg/ml.