Urea

Urea is a powerful protein denaturant via both direct and indirect mechanisms[1]. A potent emollient and keratolytic agent[2]. Used as a diuretic agent. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) has been utilized to evaluate renal function[3]. Widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.

Product Specifications

CAS Number

57-13-6

Product Name Alternative

Carbonyl diamide

UNSPSC

12352211

Hazard Statement

H302, H315, H319, H335

Target

Apoptosis; Carbonic Anhydrase; Endogenous Metabolite; ERK

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Apoptosis; MAPK/ERK Pathway; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Stem Cell/Wnt

Applications

COVID-19-immunoregulation

Field of Research

Cardiovascular Disease; Cancer

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/Urea.html

Purity

99.84

Solubility

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

NC(N)=O

Molecular Formula

CH4N2O

Molecular Weight

60.06

Precautions

H302, H315, H319, H335

References & Citations

[1]Bennion BJ, et al. The molecular basis for the chemical denaturation of proteins by urea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100 (9) :5142-7.|[2]Pan M, et al. Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Nov 15;19 (11) :20392.|[3]Wang H, et al. Urea. Subcell Biochem. 2014;73:7-29.|[4]Michea L, et al., Cell cycle delay and apoptosis are induced by high salt and urea in renal medullary cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Feb;278 (2) :F209-18.|[5]Zhang Z, et al. High urea and NaCl carbonylate proteins in renal cells in culture and in vivo, and high urea causes 8-oxoguanine lesions in their DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101 (25) :9491-6.|[6]Prabhakar SS, et al., Urea inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophage cell line. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273 (6) :C1882-8. |[7]Yang XY, et al., ERK activation by urea in the renal inner medullary mIMCD3 cell line. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277 (2) :F176-85.|[8]Ogino Y, et al., Effects of chronic, urea-induced osmotic diuresis on kidney weight and function in rats. Diabetologia. 1994 Mar;37 (3) :225-31.