Anti-HO-1 Monoclonal Antibody

Heme-oxygenase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting steps in heme catabolism yielding equimolar amounts of biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin and the free iron is sequestered to ferritin (1) . These products have important physiological effects as carbon monoxide is a potent vasodilator; biliverdin and bilirubin are potent antioxidants; and the free iron increases oxidative stress and regulates the expression of many mRNAs (2) . There are three isoforms of heme-oxygenase, HO-1, HO-2 and HO-3; however HO-1 and HO-2 are the major isoforms as they both have been identified in mammals (3) . HO-1, also known as heat shock protein 32, is an inducible isoform activated by most oxidative stress inducers, cytokines, inflammatory agents and heat shock. HO-2 is a constitutive isoform which is expressed under homeostatic conditions. HO-1 is also considered to be a cytoprotective factor in that free heme is highly reactive and cytotoxic, and secondly, carbon monoxide is a mediator inhibiting the inflammatory process and bilirubin is a scavenger for reactive oxygen, both of which are the end products of heme catalyzation (4) . It has also been shown that HO-1 deficiency may cause reduced stress defense, a pro-inflammatory tendency (5), susceptibility to atherosclerotic lesion formation (6), endothelial cell injury, and growth retardation (7) . Up-regulation of HO-1 is therefore said to be one of the major defense mechanisms of oxidative stress (4) .

HSP32, HMOX1, Heme oxygenase 1, HO, HO1, , 32 kD, bK286B10, D8Wsu38e, heat shock protein 32 kD, heat shock protein 32kD, Heat shock protein, Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1, Heme oxygenase 1, Hemox, HMOX 1, Hmox, Hmox1, HMOX1_HUMAN, HO 1, HO, HO-1, HO1, Hsp32

Nuclear Signaling, Nuclear Signaling Pathways, Pathways and Processes, Platelets, Response To Hypoxia, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathway, Vascular Inflammation, Vasculature