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Minocycline

Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[10118-90-8]

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H302, H312, H332

Target

Antibiotic; Apoptosis; Bacterial; Calcium Channel; HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase; MDM-2/p53; Potassium Channel

Type

Reference compound

Related Pathways

Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Neuronal Signaling

Applications

Metabolism-sugar/lipid metabolism

Field of Research

Cancer; Infection; Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease; Cardiovascular Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/minocycline.html

Purity

98.59

Solubility

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

O=C(C(C1=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@]2([H])C[C@]3([H])CC4=C(C(C3=C(O)[C@@]21O)=O)C(O)=CC=C4N(C)C)N

Molecular Formula

C23H27N3O7

Molecular Weight

457.48

Precautions

H302, H312, H332

References & Citations

[1]Xu L, et al. Low dose intravenous minocycline is neuroprotective after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion in rats. BMC Neurol. 2004 Apr 26;4:7.|[2]Zhang L, et al. Protective effects of minocycline on behavioral changes and neurotoxicity in mice after administration of methamphetamine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Dec 30;30 (8) :1381-93. |[3]Pourgholami MH, et al. Minocycline inhibits growth of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2012 May;125 (2) :433-40.|[4]Molina-Hernández M, et al. Antidepressant-like actions of minocycline combined with several glutamate antagonists. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Feb 15;32 (2) :380-6.|[5]Ritchie DJ, et al. A review of intravenous minocycline for treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Dec 1;59 Suppl 6:S374-80.|[6]Ataie-Kachoie P, et al. Minocycline attenuates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlated with modulation of p53 and AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway in ovarian cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Cancer Res. 2015 Jan 15;5 (2) :575-88.|[7]Hu X, Wu B, Wang X, Xu C, He B, Cui B, Lu Z, Jiang H. Minocycline attenuates ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 11;654 (3) :274-9.

Shipping Conditions

Room Temperature

Storage Conditions

4°C (Powder, protect from light)

Scientific Category

Reference compound1

Clinical Information

Launched

Isoform

L-type calcium channel

Citation 01

BioRxiv. 2023 Dec 20.|Cell Biosci. 2024 Apr 16;14 (1) :48.|Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2023 Jul;50 (7) :604-609.|Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Apr:174:113692.|Fundam Res. 2023 Jul 16;4 (4) :806-819.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul:120:110347.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jun 6:161:115034.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Oct 30:164:115351.|J Clust Sci. 2025 Nov 16;36 (6) :229.|J Genet Genomics. 2024 Mar;51 (3) :338-351.|J Hazard Mater Adv. 2025 Nov 12;20:100939.|J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Oct 28;22 (1) :249.|Nat Neurosci. 2025 Jul;28 (7) :1404-1417.|Pharmacol Res. 2023 May:191:106773.|Research (Wash D C) . 2025 Sep 25.|Research (Wash D C) . 2025 Sep 25:2025:0897.|Research Square Preprint. 2020 Jun.|Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2024 Mar:484:116859.|ACS Omega. 2022 Mar 3;7 (10) :9004-9014.|Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Jul 7.|Adv Sci (Weinh) . 2025 Jan 30:e2412556.|Ann Lab Med. 2021 May 1;41 (3) :293-301.|Behav Brain Res. 2024 Mar 12:461:114843.|Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:400-413.|Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Jan:91:519-530.|Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Jan;91:505-518.|Brain Behav Immun. 2025 Jun 25:129:649-661.|Brain Sci. 2023 Mar 19;13 (3) :512.|Cell Rep Methods. 2024 Aug 27:100843.|Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Aug 29;32 (10) :1509-1527.e9|Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jun 19:176763.|Genes (Basel) . 2024 Oct 30;15 (11) :1400.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 3;143 (Pt 3) :113538.|Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Aug;52 (2) :269-271.|iScience. 2022 Jan 5;25 (2) :103731.|J Clin Microbiol. 2025 Feb 19;63 (2) :e0148024.|J Dent. 2023 Sep:136:104624.|J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Mar 26:344:119459.|J Mol Neurosci. 2025 Aug 2;75 (3) :97.|J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2024 May 22;19 (1) :23.|J Neuroinflammation. 2018 Aug 30;15 (1) :245. |J Pathol. 2026 Jan;268 (1) :99-112.|Microbiol Spectr. 2025 Mar 31:e0318524.|Mol Med. 2025 Apr 24;31 (1) :153.|Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Oct;58 (10) :4828-4841.|Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 2;13 (1) :1116.|Neurochem Res. 2017 Oct;42 (10) :2698-2711. |Neuropharmacology. 2018 Jun:135:223-233.|Neuropharmacology. 2020 Jun 15;170:108054.|Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 11;11 (11) :ofae611.|Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Nov 5:2021:6715758.|Phytomedicine. 2023 May:113:154725.|PLoS One. 2025 Jan 31;20 (1) :e0315714.|Res Sq. 2024 May 7.|Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.|Research Square Preprint. 2024 Mar 6.|Theranostics. 2020 Jan 1;10 (1) :74-90.|Transl Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 15;15 (1) :285.

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