Thymidylate Synthase (5-FU Resistance Marker)

It recognizes a protein of 36kDa, identified as Thymidylate Synthase (TS) (EC 2.1.1.45). It converts deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), which is essential for DNA biosynthesis. TS is also a critical target for the fluoropyrimidines, an important group of antineoplastic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Both 5-FU and fluorodeoxyuridine are converted in tumor cells to FdUMP which inactivates TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex in the presence of the folate cofactor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Expression of TS protein has been reported to associate with response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human colorectal, gastric, head and neck, and breast carcinomas.