Cyclosporin D

Cyclosporin D, a metabolite of Cyclosporin A, is a weak immunosuppressant. Cyclosporin D is used as internal standard for quantification of Cyclosporin A[1][2]. Cyclosporin A is a potent immunosuppressant agent, suppress T cell activation by inhibiting calcineurin and the calcineurin-dependent transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAc)[3].

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[1]Gschwendt M, et al. The weak immunosuppressant cyclosporine D as well as the immunologically inactive cyclosporine H are potent inhibitors in vivo of phorbol ester TPA-induced biological effects in mouse skin and of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent EF-2 phosphorylation in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Jan 29;150(2):545-51.|[2]Kaiser P, et al. A new approach for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs using HPLC-MS/MS and Cs+ adducts. Ger Med Sci. 2006 Jan 18;4:Doc01.|[3]Minguillón J, et al. Concentrations of cyclosporin A and FK506 that inhibit IL-2 induction in human T cells do not affect TGF-beta1 biosynthesis, whereas higher doses of cyclosporin A trigger apoptosis and release of preformed TGF-beta1. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 May;77(5):748-58. Epub 2005 Feb 16.