Palmatine (hydroxide)

Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine hydroxide can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine hydroxide shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities[1][2][3][4][5].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[131-04-4]

UNSPSC

12352005

Target

Apoptosis; Aurora Kinase; Bacterial; Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) ; mAChR; Parasite; Virus Protease

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; Epigenetics; GPCR/G Protein; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Neuronal Signaling

Applications

COVID-19-anti-virus

Field of Research

Cancer; Infection; Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/palmatine-hydroxide.html

Purity

99.64

Solubility

DMSO : 15.62 mg/mL (ultrasonic; warming; heat to 60°C)

Smiles

COC(C=C1C2=CC3=CC=C4OC)=C(C=C1CC[N+]2=CC3=C4OC)OC.[OH-]

Molecular Formula

C21H23NO5

Molecular Weight

369.41

References & Citations

[1]Zhang XJ, et al. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota.Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46.|[2]Lee WC, et al. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48 (1) :222-8.|[3]Jia F, et al. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155 (8) :1325-9.|[4]Dhingra D, et al. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine in mice using elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:357368.|[5]Liu X, et al. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933.|[6]Long J, et al. Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie. 2019 Jul;162:176-184.