Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype abortus equi

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from S. enterica serotype abortus equi is a kind of endotoxins derived from S. enterica serotype abortus equi[1][2][3][4].

[1]Kabanov DS, et al. Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2010 Apr;75(4):383-404.|[2]Cai KC, et al. Age and sex differences in immune response following LPS treatment in mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Nov;58:327-337.|[3]Heinrichs DE, et al. Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol. 1998 Oct;30(2):221-32.|[4]Ying Liu, et al. Podocyte-Released Migrasomes in Urine Serve as an Indicator for Early Podocyte Injury. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2020 Nov;6(6):422-433.