Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Antibody

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Up-regulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918, PubMed:16829952, PubMed:23396208). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6 (PubMed:12794819). {UniProtKB:P06804, PubMed:12794819, PubMed:16829952, PubMed:22517918, PubMed:23396208}.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells. {PubMed:16829952}.

These antibodies may be used in immunoassays or in immunohisto- chemistry to detect and/or quantitate TNFa. 21301 and 21302 may be used in biological assays to inhibit activity of TNFa. Other applications are under investigation.

21303 recognizes a different epitope on TNFalpha than 21301 and 21302.21301 and 21302 can inhibit the biological activity of recombinant and native TNFalpha.