Citronellol

Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis[2][4][6][7].

[1]Munir S, et al. The Protective Effect of Citronellol against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Biomedicines. 2023 Oct 18;11(10):2820.|[2]Shao J, et al. Citronellol Prevents 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in Parkinson Disease Model of SH-SY5Y Cells via Modulating ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Neurotox Res. 2022 Dec;40(6):2221-2237.|[3]Sahli F, et al. Autoxidized citronellol: Free radicals as potential sparkles to ignite the fragrance induced skin sensitizing pathway. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Aug;166:113201. |[4]Jayaraj RL, et al. Effect of citronellol on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and autophagy pathways in an in vivo model of Parkinson's disease. Heliyon. 2022 Nov 3;8(11):e11434. |[5]Mahmood YS, et al. Protective effect of citronellol in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in mice. J Med Life. 2023 Jul;16(7):1057-1061. |[6]Yu WN, et al. Citronellol Induces Necroptosis of Human Lung Cancer Cells via TNF-α Pathway and Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation. In Vivo. 2019 Jul-Aug;33(4):1193-1201. |[7]Pereira Fde O, et al. Antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol, two monoterpenes alcohols, against Trichophyton rubrum involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Pharm Biol. 2015 Feb;53(2):228-34.