Urea (Standard)

[4]Michea L, et al., Cell cycle delay and apoptosis are induced by high salt and urea in renal medullary cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Feb;278 (2) :F209-18.|[5]Zhang Z, et al., High urea and NaCl carbonylate proteins in renal cells in culture and in vivo, and high urea causes 8-oxoguanine lesions in their DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101 (25) :9491-6. |[6]Prabhakar SS, et al., Urea inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophage cell line. Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273 (6) :C1882-8. |[7]Yang XY, et al., ERK activation by urea in the renal inner medullary mIMCD3 cell line. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277 (2) :F176-85.|[8]Ogino Y, et al., Effects of chronic, urea-induced osmotic diuresis on kidney weight and function in rats. Diabetologia. 1994 Mar;37 (3) :225-31.|[1]Bennion BJ, et al. The molecular basis for the chemical denaturation of proteins by urea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100 (9) :5142-7.|[2]Pan M, et al. Urea: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2013 Nov 15;19 (11) :20392.|[3]Wang H, et al. Urea. Subcell Biochem. 2014;73:7-29.