Anti-HTLV-1 Tax Antibody

Reconstitute lyophilized antibody using ultrapure to a final concentration no less than 100 ug/mL. Reconstitution with PBS or Tris buffer is acceptable if required. Protein carrier, biocide or cryopreservative can be added as needed. Aliquot and store at -20C for longterm storage. Dilute immediately prior to use.

Transcriptional activator that governs the viral transcription from the 5'LTR via the recruitment of dimers of host phosphorylated CREB1. Together they bind cAMP response elements within the viral promoter and mediate high-level viral transcription (PubMed:8970957). Increases host CREB1 O-GlcNAcylation to further increase 5'LTR transactivation (PubMed:28742148). Modulates also the expression of cellular genes leading to the deregulation of T-cell proliferation, perturbing the integrity of cell cycle checkpoints, the DNA damage response and apopototic pathways. Acts as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and stimulates host IKK complex by catalyzing the assembly of free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains, resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B (PubMed:28103322, PubMed:27082114). Inhibits the host nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a cellular process that can actively degrade mRNAs by interacting with host UPF1 (PubMed:27082114). {PubMed:12052856, PubMed:15466468, PubMed:16809310, PubMed:27082114, PubMed:2768259, PubMed:28103322, PubMed:28742148, PubMed:29382845, PubMed:2990037, PubMed:8970957}.

ELISA: use at 0.1-1.0ug/ml <br><br>Immunoblotting: <br><br>User should use at 2-10ug/ml. A band of ~42kDa is detected. <br><br>Immunohistochemistry: use at 2- 20ug/ml. <br><br>These are recommended concentrations. <br><br>End user should determine optimal concentrations for their applications.

This product is stable for at least one (1) year at -20°C to -70°C. Reconstituted product should be stored in appropriate aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

The nonstructural regulatory Tax proteins are unique characteristics of delta retroviruses, a subgroup of retroviruses, which confers long-term persistent infection to mammalian lymphocytes. These proteins are crucial for productive viral replication, and they stimulate the proliferation of host lymphocytic cells. Tax has been shown to be oncogenic because it transforms and immortalizes rodent fibroblasts and human T-lymphocytes. Tax also stimulates cell growth by direct binding to cyclin-dependent kinase holenzymes and/or inactivating tumor suppressors (e.g. p53, DLG). Moreover, Tax silences cellular checkpoints, which guard against DNA structural damage and chromosomal missegregation, thereby favoring the manifestation of a mutator phenotype in cells.