Pamidronic acid

Pamidronic acid, the second-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is an inhibitor of bone loss. Pamidronic acid significantly inhibits subchondral bone loss in early osteoarthritis by upregulating the expression of OPG in cartilage and subchondral bone, and inhibiting the expression of RANKL and MMP-9 in both tissues, as well as TLR-4 in cartilage, thereby alleviating cartilage degeneration. Additionally, Pamidronic acid can inhibit the signaling of Wnt and β-catenin, and is applicable for research on osteoporosis and osteosarcoma[1][2][3][4].

[1]Ashton JA, et al. Investigation of the effect of pamidronate disodium on the in vitro viability of osteosarcoma cellsfrom dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2005 May;66(5):885-92.|[2]Xu Y, et al. Pamidronate Disodium Leads to Bone Necrosis via Suppression of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Mar 23.|[3]Lv Y, et al. Effects of pamidronate disodium on the loss of osteoarthritic subchondral bone and the expression of cartilaginous and subchondral osteoprotegerin and RANKL in rabbits. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Nov 6;15:371.|[4]Kovacs R, et al. The synthesis of pamidronic derivatives in different solvents: An optimization and a mechanistic study[J]. Heteroatom Chemistry, 2014, 25(3): 186-194.