Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Csf2 ELISA Kit

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility. Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Targeted Therapy

Concentration | O.D. | Average | Corrected ------------------------------------------ 600 pg/ml | 2.338 | 2.376 | 2.275 2.415 300 pg/ml | 1.36 | 1.308 | 1.207 1.256 150 pg/ml | 0.678 | 0.702 | 0.601 0.727 75 pg/ml | 0.402 | 0.4 | 0.299 0.399 37.5 pg/ml | 0.246 | 0.235 | 0.134 0.225 18.75 pg/ml | 0.16 | 0.168 | 0.067 0.177 9.375 pg/ml | 0.125 | 0.134 | 0.033 0.143 0 pg/ml | 0.098 | 0.101 | 0 0.105

Intra/Inter-Assay | Sample | n | Mean | Standard Deviation | CV% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Intra-assay | 1 | 20 | 31.9 | 1.2 | 3.8 Intra-assay | 2 | 20 | 72.4 | 2 | 2.8 Intra-assay | 3 | 20 | 329 | 8.2 | 2.5 Inter-assay | 1 | 20 | 32.3 | 2.6 | 8 Inter-assay | 2 | 20 | 73.1 | 5.1 | 7 Inter-assay | 3 | 20 | 331 | 23.8 | 7.2

Components | Quantity --------------------- Pre-coated ELISA Plate | 12 x 8 well strips x 1 Standard Solution | 0.2mL x 1 vail Dilution Buffer | 20mL x 1 vail Stop Solution | 6mL x 1 vail Substrate Solution A | 12mL x 1 vail Substrate Solution B | 12mL x 1 vail Wash Buffer Concentrate (25x) | 20mL x 1 vail Detection Antibody Concentrate | 0.6mL x 1 vail