Mouse Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Csf2 ELISA Kit

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility. Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Targeted Therapy

Concentration | O.D. | Average | Corrected ------------------------------------------ 120 pg/ml | 2.177 | 2.244 | 2.118 2.311 60 pg/ml | 1.356 | 1.285 | 1.159 1.213 30 pg/ml | 0.714 | 0.737 | 0.611 0.76 15 pg/ml | 0.408 | 0.437 | 0.311 0.466 7.5 pg/ml | 0.292 | 0.282 | 0.156 0.272 3.75 pg/ml | 0.214 | 0.203 | 0.077 0.191 1.875 pg/ml | 0.17 | 0.176 | 0.05 0.181 0 pg/ml | 0.122 | 0.126 | 0 0.129

Intra/Inter-Assay | Sample | n | Mean | Standard Deviation | CV% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Intra-assay | 1 | 20 | 10.1 | 0.93 | 9.2 Intra-assay | 2 | 20 | 27.3 | 2.5 | 9.3 Intra-assay | 3 | 20 | 63.5 | 3.1 | 5 Inter-assay | 1 | 20 | 10.2 | 0.99 | 9.7 Inter-assay | 2 | 20 | 27.1 | 2.3 | 8.5 Inter-assay | 3 | 20 | 63 | 4.7 | 7.4

Components | Quantity --------------------- Pre-coated ELISA Plate | 12 x 8 well strips x 1 Standard Solution | 0.2mL x 1 vail Dilution Buffer | 20mL x 1 vail Stop Solution | 6mL x 1 vail Substrate Solution A | 12mL x 1 vail Substrate Solution B | 12mL x 1 vail Wash Buffer Concentrate (25x) | 20mL x 1 vail Detection Antibody Concentrate | 0.6mL x 1 vail