Deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) is an orally active trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, commonly contaminating cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and corn. It disrupts protein synthesis, impairs gut integrity, and triggers immune dysregulation, leading to vomiting, growth suppression, and inflammation in humans and animals. It also induces p38-mediated gene expression and apoptosis in leukocytes, promoting systemic release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines.