[Pyr1]-Apelin-13

The pyroglutamyl form of apelin-13 exhibited a high activity with an EC50 value of 0.30 nM. pERPRLSHKGPMPF is probably the final product of the post-translational modification of apelin and the biologically active endogenous ligand. [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 has been identified as the predominant apelin isoform in the human heart. Pyr-Apelin-13 stimulates glucose utilization in normal and obese insulin-resistant mice. It could be required for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity.