Recombinant Mouse Granzyme B - 1 mg

Granzyme B (GZMB), also known as granzyme 2 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1, is a highly conserved serine protease predominantly produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, playing a central role in immune-mediated cell death and tissue homeostasis. Upon recognition of target cells—such as virus-infected, tumor, or allogeneic cells—Granzyme B is delivered into the cytoplasm via perforin-mediated pores or receptor-mediated endocytosis, where it triggers apoptosis by activating caspase-3, -8, and -10, and by directly cleaving cellular substrates like BID and ICAD to drive DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial dysfunction.​ Granzyme B is implicated in a broad range of immune processes and disease states, including eliminating transformed or infected cells, mediating graft rejection, driving autoimmunity, and contributing to chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases through extracellular matrix remodeling and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Elevated levels of Granzyme B have prognostic value in early rheumatoid arthritis, correlate with disease progression in viral infections, and provide key insights into the mechanisms underlying antitumor immunity, making recombinant Granzyme B a critical biomarker and target for therapeutic research in immunology and oncology