Anti-Heme Oxygenase-1 [Clone 1F12-A6] - 100 μg

Heme oxygenase is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide (CO) . Three isoforms have been identified: HO-1, HO-2, and HO-3, with HO-1 and HO-2 being the predominant forms in mammals. HO-1, also known as heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), is highly inducible in response to oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, heat shock, and various other stress-related stimuli. Deficiency in HO-1 has been associated with impaired cellular stress responses, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis, and growth abnormalities. The upregulation of HO-1 is widely recognized as a critical cytoprotective mechanism, helping cells counteract oxidative damage and maintain homeostasis under stress conditions.