Animal-Free GDF-11/BMP-11, Human (His)

Bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11; GDF11), also known as growth/differentiation factor 11, is a polymorphic ligand protein belonging to the TGFβ family. The GDF-11/BMP-11 signal activates the signal through activator receptor types I and II, resulting in the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3[1]. GDF-11/BMP-11 is an important regulator of central nervous system (CNS) formation and fate[2]. Exogenous peripheral delivery of GDF-11/BMP-11 may enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improve neuropathological outcomes in the elderly brain[2]. The total length of human GDF-11/BMP-11 protein is 407 amino acids (M1-M407), with a glycosylation domain. Animal-Free GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein, Human (His) has a total length of 109 amino acids (N299-S407), is expressed in E. coli with C-terminal His-tag.

[1]Walker RG, et al. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11. BMC Biol. 2017 Mar 3;15(1):19. |[2]Schafer MJ, et al. The influence of GDF11 on brain fate and function. Geroscience. 2019 Feb;41(1):1-11. |[3]Cox TC, et al. Mutations in GDF11 and the extracellular antagonist, Follistatin, as a likely cause of Mendelian forms of orofacial clefting in humans. Hum Mutat. 2019 Oct;40(10):1813-1825. |[4]Hannan NR, et al. BMP-11 and myostatin support undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures. Cloning Stem Cells. 2009 Sep;11(3):427-35. |[5]Pham HG, et al. BMP11 regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct. 2021 Jun;39(4):496-510.