4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard)

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols, is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid induces expression of Nrf2[1]. IC50 & Target:Nrf2[1] In Vivo: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6, 12, or 25 mg/kg) increases Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and enhances the activity of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. The protein levels of nuclear Nrf2 are increased by 170% and 230% in pre-treated 12 and 25 mg/kg 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid groups, respectively, compared with the control group.The 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid pretreatment at a final dose of 25 mg/kg markedly and selectively up-regulated the target genes of phase II enzymes and resulted in higher up-regulation than that of the control group by 270%, 400%, and 500% or UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and SULT2A1, respectively. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid also suppresses the expression of CYP2E1[1].