Polyclonal antibody to Bcl-2 related protein A1

The Bcl-2 families of apoptosis-related genes plays central roles in regulating apoptotic pathways (Regulation of cell death through apoptosis is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis, defense against infectious agents, and normal development. Bcl-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis primarily through the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. Bcl-2 family proteins can be divided into 3 main subfamilies on the basis of their function and the content of their Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains, for example: 1) Prosurvival: Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W, A1, and Mcl-1 2) Proapoptotic (multidomain) : Bax, Bak, and Bok. 3) BH3-only (proapoptotic) : Bad, Bcl-XS, Bid, Bik, Bim, Blk, Bmf, Bnip, Noxa, and Puma. This antibody recognizes A1 isoforms containing the peptide immungen sequence including A1-a, A1-b, and A1-d. Mouse A1-a is a 172 amino acid (aa) protein. Mouse A1-b has been described as both a 140 aa protein and Mouse A1-d is a 172 aa protein. Prosurvival members inhibit cells from undergoing apoptosis, whereas proapoptotic and BH3-only subfamily members promote apoptosis. There are 4 BH domains (1-4) conserved among Bcl-2 family proteins. Overall, the relative ratio of prosurvival and proapoptotic proteins determines the suseptibility of a cell to various apoptotic stimuli.Many Bcl-2 family proteins are differentially expressed in various malignancies and some are useful prognostic biomarkers. Prosurvival proteins are often elevated in diverse cancers and have the potential to confer resistance to both endogenous cell death stimuli and cancer treatments. Alterations in the ratio or levels of Bcl-2 family proteins have been also associated with nonmalignant diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, AIDs, Downs syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and muscular dystrophy.