Anti-CX3CR1 (EL) Antibody

Peptide corresponding to aa 175- 189 of human CX3CR1. The sequence is identical to that of rat CX3CR1 and differs from that of mouse CX3CR1 by one amino acid.

Receptor for the C-X3-C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) present on many early leukocyte cells; CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling exerts distinct functions in different tissue compartments, such as immune response, inflammation, cell adhesion and chemotaxis (PubMed:9390561, PubMed:9782118, PubMed:12055230, PubMed:23125415). CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling mediates cell migratory functions (By similarity). Responsible for the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to inflamed tissues (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of inflammation process leading to atherogenesis by mediating macrophage and monocyte recruitment to inflamed atherosclerotic plaques, promoting cell survival (By similarity). Involved in airway inflammation by promoting interleukin 2-producing T helper (Th2) cell survival in inflamed lung (By similarity). Involved in the migration of circulating monocytes to non-inflamed tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis, probably by promoting macrophage chemotaxis (PubMed:14581400, PubMed:18971423). Plays a key role in brain microglia by regulating inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) and regulating synapse maturation (By similarity). Required to restrain the microglial inflammatory response in the CNS and the resulting parenchymal damage in response to pathological stimuli (By similarity). Involved in brain development by participating in synaptic pruning, a natural process during which brain microglia eliminates extra synapses during postnatal development (By similarity). Synaptic pruning by microglia is required to promote the maturation of circuit connectivity during brain development (By similarity). Acts as an important regulator of the gut microbiota by controlling immunity to intestinal bacteria and fungi (By similarity). Expressed in lamina propria dendritic cells in the small intestine, which form transepithelial dendrites capable of taking up bacteria in order to provide defense against pathogenic bacteria (By similarity). Required to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against dissemination of commensal fungi (mycobiota) component of the gut: expressed in mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and acts by promoting induction of antifungal IgG antibodies response to confer protection against disseminated C.albicans or C.auris infection (PubMed:29326275). Also acts as a receptor for C-C motif chemokine CCL26, inducing cell chemotaxis (PubMed:20974991). {UniProtKB:Q9Z0D9, PubMed:12055230, PubMed:14581400, PubMed:18971423, PubMed:20974991, PubMed:23125415, PubMed:29326275, PubMed:9390561, PubMed:9782118}.; [Isoform 1]: (Microbial infection) Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein. {PubMed:14607932, PubMed:9726990}.; [Isoform 2]: (Microbial infection) Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (PubMed:14607932). May have more potent HIV-1 coreceptothr activity than isoform 1 (PubMed:14607932). {PubMed:14607932}.; [Isoform 3]: (Microbial infection) Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (PubMed:14607932). May have more potent HIV-1 coreceptor activity than isoform 1 (PubMed:14607932). {PubMed:14607932}.

CX3CR1 is one of the chemokine receptors that are required as co-receptors for HIV infection. The genes encoding human, murine, and rat CX3CR1 have been cloned and designated V28 and CMKBRL1, CX3CR1, and RBS11, respectively. This transmembrane protein was recently identified as the receptor for a novel transmembrane molecule, fractalkine, and was renamed CX3CR1. Recently, CX3CR1 was found to serve as a coreceptor for HIV- 1 and HIV-2 envelope fusion and virus infection, which can be inhibited by factalkine. CX3CR1 mediates leukocyte migration and adhesion and is expressed in a variety of human tissues and cell lines.