Anti-ATG16L Antibody

Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole) . The APG12-APG5-APG16L complex is esential for the elongation of autophagic isolation membranes. This complex initially associates in uniform distribution with small vesicle membranes. During membrane elongation, the complex partitions, with a great concentration building on the outer side of the isolation membrane. Upon completion of the formation of the autophagosome, the APG12-APG5-APG16L dissociates from the membrane.

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Cytoplasm. Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Recruited to omegasomes membranes by WIPI2 (By similarity) . Omegasomes are endoplasmic reticulum connected strutures at the origin of preautophagosomal structures (By similarity) Localized to preautophagosomal structure (PAS) where it is involved in the membrane targeting of ATG5 (By similarity) . Localizes also to discrete punctae along the ciliary axoneme (By similarity) . Upon activation of non-canonical autophagy, recruited to single-membrane endolysosomal compartments (PubMed:29317426) {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8C0J2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29317426}