Anti-ATR Antibody

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Rad 3-related protein (ATR) is a phosphatidyl-inositol kinase (PK) -related kinase which functions in response to DNA damage and repair as well as at DNA replication checkpoints during the cell cycle. ATR activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses, such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. ATR is a member of the DNA-PK kinase family and is closely related to ATM and DNA-PK for which DNA stimulates the observed kinase activity. Chromosomal remodeling proteins have also been reported to associate with ATR complexes, including histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2 and CHD4) . ATR is known to phosphorylate BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and TP53/p53 which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. ATR is a nuclear protein, but can also be found in PML nuclear bodies in certain cell types. ATR is recruited to chromatin during S-phase and redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling.

ATR, Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, FRAP-related protein 1, ACTR, AIB1, amplified in breast cancer 1, CAGH16, CBP interacting protein, CTG26, FRP1, FRP-1, FRP 1

This affinity purified antibody was prepared from whole rabbit serum produced by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide corresponding to an internal region of human ATR protein.

Cancer, Cell Cycle,2339, DNA/RNA, DNA Damage & Repair, DNA Damage Response, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Kinases/Phosphatases, Oncoproteins/Suppressors, Tumor Suppressors

This product was affinity purified from monospecific antiserum by immunoaffinity chromatography. This antibody is specific for human ATR protein. A BLAST analysis was used to suggest cross-reactivity with ATR from human, mouse, rat, monkey, dog, fish and Xenopus sources based on a 100% homology with the immunizing sequence. Cross-reactivity with ATR from other sources has not been determined.

Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication.

Store vial at -20°C prior to opening. Aliquot contents and freeze at -20°C or below for extended storage. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature. This product is stable for several weeks at 4°C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use. Expiration date is one (1) year from date of opening.

Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body. Chromosome. Depending on the cell type, it can also be found in PML nuclear bodies. Recruited to chromatin during S-phase. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage, hypoxia or replication fork stalling.