Human Autotaxin ELISA Kit PicoKine®

Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (E-NPP 2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 1266 1230 1334 1188 1254 53.56 4.2% Sample 2 4575 4258 4827 4594 4563 202.37 4.4% Sample 3 22840 25398 23227 24614 24019 1033.55 4.3% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 1266 1230 1334 1188 1254 53.56 4.2% Sample 1 1266 1230 1334 1188 1254 53.56 4.2% Sample 2 4575 4258 4827 4594 4563 202.37 4.4% Sample 2 4575 4258 4827 4594 4563 202.37 4.4% Sample 3 22840 25398 23227 24614 24019 1033.55 4.3% Sample 3 22840 25398 23227 24614 24019 1033.55 4.3%

Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS) . Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues.

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 1266 4575 22840 1326 4349 24036 Standard deviation 87.35 297.37 1256.2 92.82 287.03 1562.34 CV (%) 6.9% 6.5% 5.5% 7% 6.6% 6.5% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 1266 4575 22840 1326 4349 24036 Standard deviation 87.35 297.37 1256.2 92.82 287.03 1562.34 CV (%) 6.9% 6.5% 5.5% 7% 6.6% 6.5% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 1266 4575 22840 1326 4349 24036 Mean (pg/ml) 1266 4575 22840 1326 4349 24036 Standard deviation 87.35 297.37 1256.2 92.82 287.03 1562.34 Standard deviation 87.35 297.37 1256.2 92.82 287.03 1562.34 CV (%) 6.9% 6.5% 5.5% 7% 6.6% 6.5% CV (%) 6.9% 6.5% 5.5% 7% 6.6% 6.5%

Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (ng/ml) 0 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 40 O.D. 0.053 0.118 0.181 0.404 0.669 1.111 1.553 2.079 Concentration (ng/ml) 0 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 40 O.D. 0.053 0.118 0.181 0.404 0.669 1.111 1.553 2.079 Concentration (ng/ml) 0 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 40 Concentration (ng/ml) 0 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 40 O.D. 0.053 0.118 0.181 0.404 0.669 1.111 1.553 2.079 O.D. 0.053 0.118 0.181 0.404 0.669 1.111 1.553 2.079

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.