Human CD28 ELISA Kit PicoKine®

CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co- stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. T cell stimulation through CD28 in addition to the T-cell receptor (TCR) can provide a potent signal for the production of various interleukins (IL-6 in particular) . The CD28 gene is mapped to 2q33-q34. CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 187 181 197 178 185 7.25 3.9% Sample 2 557 575 487 501 530 36.89 6.9% Sample 3 1373 1278 1376 1381 1352 42.81 3.1% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 187 181 197 178 185 7.25 3.9% Sample 1 187 181 197 178 185 7.25 3.9% Sample 2 557 575 487 501 530 36.89 6.9% Sample 2 557 575 487 501 530 36.89 6.9% Sample 3 1373 1278 1376 1381 1352 42.81 3.1% Sample 3 1373 1278 1376 1381 1352 42.81 3.1%

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 187 557 1373 175 596 1354 Standard deviation 13.27 25.06 82.38 15.05 33.37 82.59 CV (%) 7.1% 4.5% 6% 8.6% 5.6% 6.1% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 187 557 1373 175 596 1354 Standard deviation 13.27 25.06 82.38 15.05 33.37 82.59 CV (%) 7.1% 4.5% 6% 8.6% 5.6% 6.1% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 187 557 1373 175 596 1354 Mean (pg/ml) 187 557 1373 175 596 1354 Standard deviation 13.27 25.06 82.38 15.05 33.37 82.59 Standard deviation 13.27 25.06 82.38 15.05 33.37 82.59 CV (%) 7.1% 4.5% 6% 8.6% 5.6% 6.1% CV (%) 7.1% 4.5% 6% 8.6% 5.6% 6.1%

Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. Enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation (PubMed:8617933) . Isoform 3 enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed:15067037) . .

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.031 0.094 0.157 0.287 0.487 1.032 1.901 2.369 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.031 0.094 0.157 0.287 0.487 1.032 1.901 2.369 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.031 0.094 0.157 0.287 0.487 1.032 1.901 2.369 O.D. 0.031 0.094 0.157 0.287 0.487 1.032 1.901 2.369

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.