Human Chemerin/RARRES2 ELISA Kit PicoKine®

Chemerin, also known as RARRES2 or TIG2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES2 gene. It is mapped to 7q36.1. Chemerin is a potent chemoattractant specific for antigen-presenting cells that requires proteolytic activation and acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1 (also known as ChemR23) . It is a 14 kDa protein secreted in an inactive form as prochemerin and is activated through cleavage of the C-terminus by inflammatory and coagulation serine proteases. Chemerin was found to stimulate chemotaxis of dendritic cells and macrophages to the site of inflammation. What’s more, the active protein has several roles, including that as an adipokine, and is truncated on both termini from the proprotein.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 100 121 111 116 112 7.77 6.9% Sample 2 741 756 857 851 801 53.05 6.6% Sample 3 2346 2384 2464 2369 2390 44.40 1.8% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 100 121 111 116 112 7.77 6.9% Sample 1 100 121 111 116 112 7.77 6.9% Sample 2 741 756 857 851 801 53.05 6.6% Sample 2 741 756 857 851 801 53.05 6.6% Sample 3 2346 2384 2464 2369 2390 44.40 1.8% Sample 3 2346 2384 2464 2369 2390 44.40 1.8%

Expressed at the highest levels in placenta, liver, and white adipose tissue (WAT), and to a lesser extent in many other tissues such as lung, brown adipose tissue, heart, ovary, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas. Within WAT, expression is enriched in adipocytes as compared to the stromal vascular fraction. Expression and secretion increases dramatically with adipogenesis. Highly expressed in skin (basal and suprabasal layers of the epidermis, hair follicles and endothelial cells) . Expression is elevated in numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. .

Cancer, Cardiovascular, Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids/Lipoproteins, Metabolic Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, Pathways and Processes, Signal Transduction

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 107 508 2037 113 519 1850 Standard deviation 5.02 32.53 154.86 6.81 42.05 172.13 CV (%) 4.7% 6.4% 7.6% 6% 8.1% 9.3% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 107 508 2037 113 519 1850 Standard deviation 5.02 32.53 154.86 6.81 42.05 172.13 CV (%) 4.7% 6.4% 7.6% 6% 8.1% 9.3% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 107 508 2037 113 519 1850 Mean (pg/ml) 107 508 2037 113 519 1850 Standard deviation 5.02 32.53 154.86 6.81 42.05 172.13 Standard deviation 5.02 32.53 154.86 6.81 42.05 172.13 CV (%) 4.7% 6.4% 7.6% 6% 8.1% 9.3% CV (%) 4.7% 6.4% 7.6% 6% 8.1% 9.3%

Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) . Its other ligands include G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) . Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Also acts as a proinflammatory adipokine, causing an increase in secretion of proinflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which further impair adipose tissue metabolic function and have negative systemic effects including impaired insulin sensitivity, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and a decrease in vascular function in other tissues. Can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the modality of enzymatic cleavage by different classes of proteases. Acts as a chemotactic factor for leukocyte populations expressing CMKLR1, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but also immature myeloid DCs, macrophages and natural killer cells. Exerts an anti-inflammatory role by preventing TNF/TNFA-induced VCAM1 expression and monocytes adhesion in vascular endothelial cells. The effect is mediated via inhibiting activation of NF-kappa-B and CRK/p38 through stimulation of AKT1/NOS3 signaling and nitric oxide production. Its dual role in inflammation and metabolism might provide a link between chronic inflammation and obesity, as well as obesity- related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exhibits an antimicrobial function in the skin. .

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 78 156 312 625 1250 2500 5000 O.D. 0.09 0.171 0.211 0.345 0.532 0.89 1.558 2.342 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 78 156 312 625 1250 2500 5000 O.D. 0.09 0.171 0.211 0.345 0.532 0.89 1.558 2.342 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 78 156 312 625 1250 2500 5000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 78 156 312 625 1250 2500 5000 O.D. 0.09 0.171 0.211 0.345 0.532 0.89 1.558 2.342 O.D. 0.09 0.171 0.211 0.345 0.532 0.89 1.558 2.342

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.