Human LAP (TGF-Beta1) ELISA Kit PicoKine®

TGFbeta1 is secreted as a latent form, which consists of its mature form and a latency-associated peptide (beta1-LAP) in either the presence or the absence of additional latent TGF-beta1-binding protein. Processing and cleavage of the precursor protein between amino acids 278 and 279 results in the formation of LAP dimers and TGF beta dimers that then non-covalently associate with each other to form the small latent TGF beta complex. LAP is secreted and can be found in the extracellular matrix. In addition, LAP can also be expressed on platelets and activated regulatory T cells.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 87 104 88 101 95 7.58 7.9% Sample 2 673 684 619 721 674 36.51 5.4% Sample 3 2000 1784 2011 1799 1898 107.2 5.6% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 87 104 88 101 95 7.58 7.9% Sample 1 87 104 88 101 95 7.58 7.9% Sample 2 673 684 619 721 674 36.51 5.4% Sample 2 673 684 619 721 674 36.51 5.4% Sample 3 2000 1784 2011 1799 1898 107.2 5.6% Sample 3 2000 1784 2011 1799 1898 107.2 5.6%

Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA) . Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage.

Growth Factors, Growth Factors/Hormones, Invasion/Microenvironment, Metabolism, Metabolism Processes, Organogenesis, Pathways and Processes, Response To Hypoxia, Secreted, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathways, Stem Cells, TGF Beta

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 87 673 2000 90 698 2085 Standard deviation 3.91 43.74 126 4.5 57.93 148.35 CV (%) 4.5% 6.5% 8.3% 5% 8.3% 7% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 87 673 2000 90 698 2085 Standard deviation 3.91 43.74 126 4.5 57.93 148.35 CV (%) 4.5% 6.5% 8.3% 5% 8.3% 7% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 87 673 2000 90 698 2085 Mean (pg/ml) 87 673 2000 90 698 2085 Standard deviation 3.91 43.74 126 4.5 57.93 148.35 Standard deviation 3.91 43.74 126 4.5 57.93 148.35 CV (%) 4.5% 6.5% 8.3% 5% 8.3% 7% CV (%) 4.5% 6.5% 8.3% 5% 8.3% 7%

Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T- helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.052 0.129 0.186 0.272 0.471 0.78 1.245 1.936 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.052 0.129 0.186 0.272 0.471 0.78 1.245 1.936 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 62.5 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 O.D. 0.052 0.129 0.186 0.272 0.471 0.78 1.245 1.936 O.D. 0.052 0.129 0.186 0.272 0.471 0.78 1.245 1.936

LAP (TGF-beta1) is mostly contained as inactive form in samples, please activate it before assay. Don’t activate recombinant LAP (TGF-beta1) . Solution A: 1N HCI: add 8.33ml of 12N HCI into 91.67ml of H2O. Solution B: 1.2N NaOH/0.5M HEPES: add 12ml of 10N NaOH and 11.9g HEPES into 75ml of H2O, add H2O to adjust volume to 100ml.

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.