Human TNF Alpha/Tumor necrosis factor ELISA Kit PicoKine®

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, or TNF) is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are cytotoxic proteins which have similar biological activities and share 30% amino acid homology. TNF-alpha is produced by monocytes, which can stimulate endothelial cells to produce the multilineage growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and extend the role of this immunoregulatory protein to the regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro. TNF is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF has been purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and has showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. TNF-alpha has been mapped to human chromosome 6.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 16 15 15 16 15 0.5 3.3% Sample 2 82 91 75 89 84 6.29 7.4% Sample 3 201 204 215 219 209 7.46 3.5% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 16 15 15 16 15 0.5 3.3% Sample 1 16 15 15 16 15 0.5 3.3% Sample 2 82 91 75 89 84 6.29 7.4% Sample 2 82 91 75 89 84 6.29 7.4% Sample 3 201 204 215 219 209 7.46 3.5% Sample 3 201 204 215 219 209 7.46 3.5%

Tumor necrosis factor; Cachectin; TNF-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; TNF-a; Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; N-terminal fragment; NTF; Intracellular domain 1; ICD1; Intracellular domain 2; ICD2; C-domain 1; C-domain 2; Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form; TNF; TNFA, TNFSF2

Atherosclerosis, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Cytokines, Growth Factors, Growth Factors/Hormones, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Metabolism, Signal Transduction, TNF Superfamily, Vascular Inflammation

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 16 82 201 14 75 186 Standard deviation 0.76 5.49 12.66 0.75 5.55 11.9 CV (%) 4.8% 6.7% 7.4% 5.4% 7.4% 6.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 16 82 201 14 75 186 Standard deviation 0.76 5.49 12.66 0.75 5.55 11.9 CV (%) 4.8% 6.7% 7.4% 5.4% 7.4% 6.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 16 82 201 14 75 186 Mean (pg/ml) 16 82 201 14 75 186 Standard deviation 0.76 5.49 12.66 0.75 5.55 11.9 Standard deviation 0.76 5.49 12.66 0.75 5.55 11.9 CV (%) 4.8% 6.7% 7.4% 5.4% 7.4% 6.4% CV (%) 4.8% 6.7% 7.4% 5.4% 7.4% 6.4%

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208) . Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918) . .

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 15.6 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 O.D. 0.01 0.092 0.152 0.29 0.512 0.897 1.375 2.04 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 15.6 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 O.D. 0.01 0.092 0.152 0.29 0.512 0.897 1.375 2.04 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 15.6 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 15.6 31.2 62.5 125 250 500 1000 O.D. 0.01 0.092 0.152 0.29 0.512 0.897 1.375 2.04 O.D. 0.01 0.092 0.152 0.29 0.512 0.897 1.375 2.04

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.