Human CD5L/CT-2 PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit

CD5 antigen-like, also known as Sp alpha and AIM, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD5L gene. It is mapped to 1q21-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. It is found that Aim expression is induced in mouse macrophages in response to loading with highly oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and that Aim is expressed in foam cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Both the expression of Aim in lesions and its induction by oxLDL require Lxr /Rxr heterodimers. Aim-null macrophages are highly susceptible to oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vitro and undergo accelerated apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. Double knockout of Aim and Ldlr reduce atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, it is concluded that AIM expression protects macrophages from apoptosis within atherosclerotic lesions, promoting early lesion development.

Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 245 242 250 244 245 2.94 1.2% Sample 2 1172 1254 1148 1193 1191 39.3 3.2% Sample 3 5450 5193 4994 5419 5264 184.77 3.5% Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Lots Lot 1 (pg/ml) Lot 2 (pg/ml) Lot 3 (pg/ml) Lot 4 (pg/ml) Mean (pg/ml) Standard Deviation CV (%) Sample 1 245 242 250 244 245 2.94 1.2% Sample 1 245 242 250 244 245 2.94 1.2% Sample 2 1172 1254 1148 1193 1191 39.3 3.2% Sample 2 1172 1254 1148 1193 1191 39.3 3.2% Sample 3 5450 5193 4994 5419 5264 184.77 3.5% Sample 3 5450 5193 4994 5419 5264 184.77 3.5%

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 245 1172 5450 224 1288 5192 Standard deviation 10.04 79.69 414.2 13.21 91.44 415.36 CV (%) 4.1% 6.8% 7.6% 5.9% 7.1% 8% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 245 1172 5450 224 1288 5192 Standard deviation 10.04 79.69 414.2 13.21 91.44 415.36 CV (%) 4.1% 6.8% 7.6% 5.9% 7.1% 8% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 245 1172 5450 224 1288 5192 Mean (pg/ml) 245 1172 5450 224 1288 5192 Standard deviation 10.04 79.69 414.2 13.21 91.44 415.36 Standard deviation 10.04 79.69 414.2 13.21 91.44 415.36 CV (%) 4.1% 6.8% 7.6% 5.9% 7.1% 8% CV (%) 4.1% 6.8% 7.6% 5.9% 7.1% 8%

Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lipid synthesis: mainly expressed by macrophages in lymphoid and inflammed tissues and regulates mechanisms in inflammatory responses, such as infection or atherosclerosis. Able to inhibit lipid droplet size in adipocytes. Following incorporation into mature adipocytes via CD36-mediated endocytosis, associates with cytosolic FASN, inhibiting fatty acid synthase activity and leading to lipolysis, the degradation of triacylglycerols into glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) . CD5L-induced lipolysis occurs with progression of obesity: participates to obesity-associated inflammation following recruitment of inflammatory macrophages into adipose tissues, a cause of insulin resistance and obesity- related metabolic disease. Regulation of intracellular lipids mediated by CD5L has a effect on transcription regulation mediated by nuclear receptors ROR-gamma (RORC) . Acts as a key regulator of metabolic switch in T-helper Th17 cells. Regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in Th17 cells by altering the lipid content and limiting synthesis of cholesterol ligand of RORC, the master transcription factor of Th17-cell differentiation. CD5L is mainly present in non-pathogenic Th17 cells, where it decreases the content of polyunsaturated fatty acyls (PUFA), affecting two metabolic proteins MSMO1 and CYP51A1, which synthesize ligands of RORC, limiting RORC activity and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Participates in obesity- associated autoimmunity via its association with IgM, interfering with the binding of IgM to Fcalpha/mu receptor and enhancing the development of long-lived plasma cells that produce high-affinity IgG autoantibodies (By similarity) . Also acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis in macrophages: promotes macrophage survival from the apoptotic effects of oxidized lipids in case of atherosclerosis (PubMed:24295828) . Involved in early response to microbial infection against various pathogens by acting as a pattern recognition receptor and by promoting autophagy (PubMed:16030018, PubMed:24223991, PubMed:24583716, PubMed:25713983) . .

Description|Quantity|Volume Anti-tag Pre-coated 96-well Strip Microplate|1|12 strips of 8 wells Standard||2 Antibody A|1|3ml Antibody B|1|3ml Sample Diluent|1|15ml TBS-T Wash Buffer (25x) |1|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |1|10ml Stop Solution|1|10ml Adhesive Plate Sealers|2|Piece

Secreted . Cytoplasm . Secreted by macrophages and circulates in the blood (PubMed:24223991, PubMed:24804991) . Transported in the cytoplasm via CD36-mediated endocytosis (By similarity) . .

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 156 312 625 1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 O.D. 0.003 0.468 0.870 1.303 2.183 2.525 2.536 2.524 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 156 312 625 1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 O.D. 0.003 0.468 0.870 1.303 2.183 2.525 2.536 2.524 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 156 312 625 1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 156 312 625 1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 O.D. 0.003 0.468 0.870 1.303 2.183 2.525 2.536 2.524 O.D. 0.003 0.468 0.870 1.303 2.183 2.525 2.536 2.524

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Automated plate washer (optional) Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution. Horizontal orbital microplate shaker capable of maintaining a speed of 500 rpm, amplitude 3mm.