Anti-DNA PKcs/PRKDC Antibody Picoband®

PRKDC (Protein Kinase DNA-Activated Catalytic Subunit), also called DNAPK, HYRC1, p350 or DNPK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKDC gene. DNA-PKcs belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family. Satoh et al. (1997) mapped the MCM4 gene to 8q11.2 by FISH. Based on the close proximity of the PRKDC and MCM4 genes, it was assumed that the PRKDC gene also maps to this location. Anderson and Lees-Miller (1992) noted that DNA-PK had been shown in vitro to phosphorylate several transcription factors, suggesting that it functions in cell homeostasis by modulating transcription. Daniel et al. (1999) demonstrated that the PRKDC protein participates in retroviral DNA integration, which is catalyzed by the viral protein integrase.

Type I isoforms are the predominant forms expressed in the endocardium. Isoform alpha is expressed in breast, ovary, testis, prostate, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, placenta liver, kidney, salivary gland, small intestine and brain, but not in uterus, stomach, pancreas, and spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant form in mesenchymal cells and in non-neuronal organs, whereas isoform 6 is the major neuronal form. Isoform 8 is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Isoform 9 is the major form in skeletal muscle cells; in the nervous system it is expressed in spinal cord and brain. Also detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. Isoform 10 is expressed in nervous system: spinal cord motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and brain. Predominant isoform expressed in sensory and motor neurons. Not detected in adult heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. Not expressed in fetal lung, liver and kidney. Type IV isoforms are brain-specific. .

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V (D) J recombination. Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties. Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V (D) J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C) . The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step. Required to protect and align broken ends of DNA. May also act as a scaffold protein to aid the localization of DNA repair proteins to the site of damage. Found at the ends of chromosomes, suggesting a further role in the maintenance of telomeric stability and the prevention of chromosomal end fusion. Also involved in modulation of transcription. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Phosphorylates DCLRE1C, c-Abl/ABL1, histone H1, HSPCA, c-jun/JUN, p53/TP53, PARP1, POU2F1, DHX9, SRF, XRCC1, XRCC1, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, WRN, MYC and RFA2. Can phosphorylate C1D not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. Ability to phosphorylate p53/TP53 in the presence of supercoiled DNA is dependent on C1D. Contributes to the determination of the circadian period length by antagonizing phosphorylation of CRY1 'Ser-588' and increasing CRY1 protein stability, most likely through an in machanism. Interacts with CRY1 and CRY2; negatively regulates CRY1 phosphorylation. .

1. Anderson, C. W., Lees-Miller, S. P. The nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase DNA-PK. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 2: 283-314, 1992. 2. Daniel, R., Katz, R. A., Skalka, A. M. A role for DNA-PK in retroviral DNA integration. Science 284: 644-647, 1999. 3. Satoh, T., Tsuruga, H., Yabuta, N., Ishidate, M., Jr., Nojima, H. Assignment of the human CDC21 (MCM4) gene to chromosome 8q11.2. Genomics 46: 525-526, 1997.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.