Anti-Cullin 3/CUL3 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Cullin-3 (Cul 3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL3 gene. Kipreos et al. (1996) identified a conserved gene family, designated cullins, with at least 5 members in nematodes, 6 in humans, and 3 in S. cerevisiae. Human CUL3 is an ortholog of nematode cul3. Hartz (2012) mapped the CUL3 gene to chromosome 2q36.2 based on an alignment of the CUL3 sequence with the genomic sequence (GRCh37) . Sumara et al. (2007) found that KLHL9, KLHL13, and CUL3 interacted ly in a 370-kD protein complex in HeLa cell lysates. Rondou et al. (2008) showed that interaction between KLHL12 and the CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex ed ubiquitination of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) . KLHL12 interacted ly with CUL3 and with the polymorphic intracellular loop-3 of D4. By immunoprecipitation analysis of HeLa cells and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells expressing epitope-tagged proteins, Kigoshi et al. (2011) showed that KLHL7 interacted with CUL3 and ROC1 (RBX1) .

Apoptosis, Cancer, Cell Biology, Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle Inhibitors, Cell Death, Nucleus, Proteasome / Ubiquitin, Proteolysis/Ubiquitin, SCF Complex E3 Ligase, Ubiquitin E3 Enzymes

Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB- CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1 (By similarity) . The functional specificity of the BCR complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the substrate recognition component. BCR (KLHL42) is involved in ubiquitination of KATNA1. BCR (SPOP) is involved in ubiquitination of BMI1/PCGF4, BRMS1, H2AFY and DAXX, GLI2 and GLI3. Can also form a cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex containing homodimeric SPOPL or the heterodimer formed by SPOP and SPOPL; these complexes have lower ubiquitin ligase activity. BCR (KLHL9-KLHL13) controls the dynamic behavior of AURKB on mitotic chromosomes and thereby coordinates faithful mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis. BCR (KLHL12) is involved in ER-Golgi transport by regulating the size of COPII coats, thereby playing a key role in collagen export, which is required for embryonic stem (ES) cells division: BCR (KLHL12) acts by mediating monoubiquitination of SEC31 (SEC31A or SEC31B) . BCR (KLHL3) acts as a regulator of ion transport in the distal nephron; by mediating ubiquitination of WNK4. The BCR (KLHL20) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in interferon response and anterograde Golgi to endosome transport: it mediates both ubiquitination leading to degradation and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitination (PubMed:20389280, PubMed:21840486, PubMed:21670212, PubMed:24768539) . The BCR (KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates localization of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from chromosomes to the spindle midzone in anaphase and mediates the ubiquitination of AURKB. The BCR (KLHL22) ubiquitin ligase complex mediates monoubiquitination of PLK1, leading to PLK1 dissociation from phosphoreceptor proteins and subsequent removal from kinetochores, allowing silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and chromosome segregation. The BCR (KLHL25) ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in translational homeostasis by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of hypophosphorylated EIF4EBP1 (4E-BP1) . Involved in ubiquitination of cyclin E and of cyclin D1 (in vitro) thus involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Involved in the ubiquitination of KEAP1, ENC1 and KLHL41. In concert with ATF2 and RBX1, promotes degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. .

1. Kigoshi, Y., Tsuruta, F., Chiba, T. Ubiquitin ligase activity of Cul3-KLHL7 protein is attenuated by autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa causative mutation. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 33613-33621, 2011. 2. Kipreos, E. T., Lander, L. E., Wing, J. P., He, W. W., Hedgecock, E. M. cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and identifies a novel gene family. Cell 85: 829-839, 1996. 3. Rondou, P., Haegeman, G., Vanhoenacker, P., Van Craenenbroeck, K. BTB protein KLHL12 targets the dopamine D4 receptor for ubiquitination by a Cul3-based E3 ligase. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 11083-11096, 2008. 4. Sumara, I., Quadroni, M., Frei, C., Olma, M. H., Sumara, G., Ricci, R., Peter, M. A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, regulating mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis in human cells. Dev. Cell 12: 887-900, 2007.