Anti-Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor/CXADR Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

CXADR (Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXADR gene, also known as CAR, CVB3-binding protein, Coxsackievirus B-adenovirus receptor. The CAR cDNA encodes a predicted 365-amino acid polypeptide that contains a single transmembrane domain and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. By Northern blot analysis, they detected highest expression of 1.4-kb and 6-kb CXADR transcripts in pancreas, brain, heart, small intestine, testis, and prostate, lower expression in liver and lung, and no expression in kidney, placenta, peripheral blood leukocytes, thymus, and spleen. In comparison, mouse Cxadr showed highest expression in liver, and lower levels in kidney, heart, lung, and brain. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackie viruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 15, 18, and 21. CAR is strongly expressed in the developing central nervous system. It functions as a homophilic and also as a heterophilic cell adhesion molecule through its interactions with extracellular matrix glycoproteins , such as: fibronectin, agrin, laminin-1 and tenascin-R.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor, identical to the related rat and mouse sequences.

Expressed in pancreas, brain, heart, small intestine, testis, prostate and at a lower level in liver and lung. Isoform 5 is ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 3 is expressed in heart, lung and pancreas. In skeletal muscle, isoform 1 is found at the neuromuscular junction and isoform 2 is found in blood vessels. In cardiac muscle, isoform 1 and isoform 2 are found at intercalated disks. In heart expressed in subendothelial layers of the vessel wall but not in the luminal endothelial surface. Expression is elevated in hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. .

Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as an homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with AMICA1/JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, AMICA1 induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T- cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferation and production of cytokines and growth factors by T- cells that in turn stimulate epithelial tissues repair. .

1. Tomko, R. P., Xu, R., Philipson, L.HCAR and MCAR: the human and mouse receptors for subgroup C adenoviruses and group B coxsackieviruses.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 94: 3352-3356, 1997. 2. Witherden, D. A., Verdino, P., Rieder, S. E., Garijo, O., Mills, R. E., Teyton, L., Fischer, W. H., Wilson, I. A., Havran, W. L. The junctional adhesion molecule JAML is a costimulatory receptor for epithelial gamma-delta T cell activation. Science 329: 1205-1210, 2010.

Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell junction, tight junction. Cell junction, adherens junction. Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composed of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.