Anti-Estrogen Inducible Protein pS2/TFF1 Antibody Picoband®

TFF1 (Trefoil factor 1), also known as pS2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF1 gene. Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer, and affect healing of the epithelium. It is found that TFF1 in normal human urine inhibited the growth of calcium oxalate crystals. Urinary TFF1 showed an inhibitory potency similar to that of nephrocalcin, and inhibition was dose dependent and inhibited by TFF1 antisera, particularly by antisera ed to the TFF1 C terminus. Concentrations and relative amounts of TFF1 in the urine of patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones were significantly less than those found in controls. This gene, which is expressed in the gastric mucosa, has also been studied because of its expression in human tumors. This gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21.

Found in stomach, with highest levels in the upper gastric mucosal cells (at protein level) . Detected in goblet cells of the small and large intestine and rectum, small submucosal glands in the esophagus, mucous acini of the sublingual gland, submucosal glands of the trachea, and epithelial cells lining the exocrine pancreatic ducts but not in the remainder of the pancreas (at protein level) . Scattered expression is detected in the epithelial cells of the gallbladder and submucosal glands of the vagina, and weak expression is observed in the bronchial goblet cells of the pseudostratified epithelia in the respiratory system (at protein level) . Detected in urine (at protein level) . Strongly expressed in breast cancer but at low levels in normal mammary tissue. It is regulated by estrogen in MCF-7 cells. Strong expression found in normal gastric mucosa and in the regenerative tissues surrounding ulcerous lesions of gastrointestinal tract, but lower expression found in gastric cancer (at protein level) . .

Stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents. May inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in urine. .

1. Chutipongtanate, S., Nakagawa, Y., Sritippayawan, S., Pittayamateekul, J., Parichatikanond, P., Westley, B. R., May, F. E. B., Malasit, P., Thongboonkerd, V.Identification of human urinary trefoil factor 1 as a novel calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor.J. Clin. Invest. 115: 3613-3622, 2005. 2. Hanby, A. M., Poulsom, R., Singh, S., Elia, G., Jeffery, R. E., Wright, N. A.Spasmolytic polypeptide is a major antral peptide: distribution of the trefoil peptides human spasmolytic polypeptide and pS2 in the stomach.Gastroenterology 105: 1110-1116, 1993. 3. Roberts, M., Wallace, J., Jeltsch, J.-M., Berry, M.The 5-prime flanking region of the human pS2 gene mediates its transcriptional activation by estrogen in MCF-7 cells.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151: 306-313, 1988.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.